【影片原名】Citizen Kane
8 D% K" J& ^, c: x, [【中文译名】公民凯恩/大国民
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【出品公司】Mercury Productions
7 e" l0 q5 B& F% L% m5 C$ b- c【上映日期】1941年9月5日 美国
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【影片级别】Canada:F (Ontario) | Canada:G (Manitoba/Nova Scotia/Quebec) | Netherlands:6 | South Korea:12 | Brazil
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【IMDB链接】
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0033467/, r8 [- C$ p) `) ?8 f" I
【
IMDB评分】
8.6/10 (156,853 votes) Top 250: #38" K& G& ?% ?+ @; [
【国 家】美国
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【类 别】剧情/悬疑
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【导 演】奥逊·威尔斯 Orson Welles
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【主 演】奥逊·威尔斯 Orson Welles ....Kane
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多萝西·康明戈尔 Dorothy Comingore ....Susan Alexander Kane
2 T) `; P0 f+ H1 i3 b 阿格妮丝·摩尔海德 Agnes Moorehead ....Mary Kane
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约瑟夫·科顿 Joseph Cotten ....Jedediah Leland
6 p2 _" w2 v; f 鲁斯·沃里克 Ruth Warrick ....Emily Monroe Norton Kane
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Ray Collins ....James W. Gettys
, h- k6 T. t: c! t Erskine Sanford ....Herbert Carter
* L& k5 E# u. j" `# M( x9 r D Everett Sloane ....Mr. Bernstein
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威廉·阿伦德 William Alland ....Jerry Thompson
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Paul Stewart ....Raymond
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乔治·库鲁里斯 George Coulouris ....Walter Parks Thatcher
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福图尼奥·博纳诺瓦 Fortunio Bonanova ....Matiste
, w. Y9 P; ]0 Y/ [ Gus Schilling ....The Headwaiter
0 ^; {2 r, a. e8 }! R! q4 z( D Philip Van Zandt ....Mr. Rawlston
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Georgia Backus ....Miss Anderson
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Harry Shannon ....Kane's Father
0 B w( d8 i1 j2 \ Sonny Bupp ....Kane III
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Buddy Swan ....Kane - Age Eight
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Don Ackerman ....Man at Party in Everglades (uncredited)
9 y- m) L0 y3 e' H) q6 k. r Loretta Agar ....Dancing Girl (uncredited)
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Demetrius Alexis ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Peter Allen ....Man in Senate Investigating Committee (uncredited)
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William Alston ....Man at Xanadu Great Hall (uncredited)
+ d7 ?( D+ M# W( S) T- C2 b Baudelio Alva ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
) c/ {3 K) }2 t- Y, D- V& P2 m: } T. Lockwood Arbright ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
) J0 ^ y6 f* _* r! a, B9 j# Q8 ^- y9 G Sam Ash ....Man at Boat Dock (uncredited)
: x! ]5 M: ?& T7 I' x Michael Audley ....Man in Projection Room (uncredited)
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Walter Bacon ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
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Harry A. Bailey ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Alva Baudena ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
, H4 F. G2 O5 D @ Charles Bennett ....Entertainer (uncredited)
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Joan Blair ....Georgia (uncredited)
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Danny Borzage ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Robert Brent ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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James Brought ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
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Morgan Brown ....Servant (uncredited)
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Harry Burkhardt ....Wedding Guest (uncredited)
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William Calkins ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
& z* W% `3 S) y8 {* Z$ K Porter Chase ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Gene Chervow ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
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J.J. Clark ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
9 G. U1 q; G. L( N. a+ v Dorothy Cleveland ....Person in Front of 'Chronicle' Building (uncredited)
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埃德蒙·科博 Edmund Cobb ....Inquirer Reporter (uncredited)
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Eddie Coke ....Reporter (uncredited)
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纳·京·科尔 Nat 'King' Cole ....Pianist in 'El Rancho' (uncredited)
& F7 b' F; n/ |3 i0 d/ F Tom Coleman ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
: }$ O# `4 u& W4 o Gene Coogan ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Sally Corner ....Woman at Boat Deck (uncredited)
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Gino Corrado ....Gino (uncredited)
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Herbert Corthell ....City Editor (uncredited)
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Irene Crosby ....Dancer (uncredited)
% G" D: G/ L# Q2 s7 X- w. J/ L* U Charles Cross ....Man at Opera (uncredited)
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Thomas A. Curran ....Teddy Roosevelt (uncredited)
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Louise Currie ....Reporter at Xanadu (uncredited)
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Jack Curtis ....Boss Printer (uncredited)
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Ed Dahlen ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Ernie Daniels ....Hireling - Chicago Inquirer (uncredited)
Q; U/ Q/ d+ _/ h2 } Coy Danz ....Nurse on Hospital Roof (uncredited)
; ?% q/ p5 T; `/ n- M; B9 } Margaret Davis ....Dancer (uncredited)
6 A: D0 n- h8 W, C* T Tim Davis ....Copy Boy (uncredited)
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Donna Dax ....House Maid (uncredited)
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Marie Day ....Insert Bit (uncredited)
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Petra R. de Silva ....Newswoman (uncredited)
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Gayle DeCamp ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
- @: X7 h7 C+ D( s m7 t" n Frances Deets ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Carl Deloro ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
8 @, o- e6 f; c- R" s% v George DeNormand ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Eddie Dew ....Man in Projection Room (uncredited)
7 x) b. D+ s1 F John Dilson ....Ward Heeler (uncredited)
8 v, e- A% w! Y: c Robert Dudley ....Photographer (uncredited)
; S# L" u% u0 H3 g4 G2 G Lou Duello ....Man at Opera (uncredited)
" ]# M! z. ^6 {7 L& L+ m Suzanne Dulier ....French Maid (uncredited)
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Art Dupuis ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
0 n; X! v- D% W3 S Pauline Easterday ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Al Eben ....Solly (uncredited)
" { B8 M3 f7 n4 F/ \3 R1 } Johnny Eckert ....Driver of Car (uncredited)
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Jack Egan ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Carl Ekberg ....Adolf Hitler (uncredited)
2 d9 X* V" X% l+ h& x1 K Dick Elmore ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
7 d0 H- @) B- `8 a; d5 O3 A Edith Evanson ....Leland's Nurse (uncredited)
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Carl Faulkner ....Hermann Goring (uncredited)
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Juanita Fields ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Jack Floyd ....Hireling - Chicago Inquirer (uncredited)
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Ray Flynn ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
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Monty Ford ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Jean Forward ....Opera Singer (uncredited)
6 ^, C& w6 H" O# {/ Q Olin Francis ....Expressman (uncredited)
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Louise Franklin ....Susan's Maid (uncredited)
; x& O0 w; V2 D; ~$ r Al Frazier ....Gorilla Man (uncredited)
7 v5 G2 m4 l" ]$ H# i. v& o Guy Gada ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Gloria Gale ....Dancer (uncredited)
e0 m1 {+ M" y Captain Garcia ....General in 'News on the March' (uncredited)
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Jack Gargan ....Man at Xanadu Great Hall (uncredited)
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Bud Geary ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Rudolph Germaine ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
! i! z' p& y# a" h8 c" {% i* y Bob Gladman ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
9 I, t. S/ E) A" ?- D4 J2 e; y+ H Renee Godfrey ....Nurse (uncredited)
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Jerry Gordon ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Peter Gowland ....Guest (uncredited)
. d: @! ^ L* X. q7 J; _3 b Jimmy Grant ....Man at Party in Everglades (uncredited)
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Jesse Graves ....Joseph (uncredited)
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Ernest Grooney ....Man on Hospital Roof (uncredited)
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Jack Gwynne ....Man on Hospital Roof (uncredited)
$ G. ]' p* Z8 ?. m \, V4 w" ]% E Bobby Haines ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
, ~0 }0 x( d4 F. i6 ^ Frank Haney ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
5 N' m# l3 x3 l$ u1 S3 c& G: J Harry Harris ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
0 K5 f6 P5 P% U. R0 Y Sam Harris ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Lew Harvey ....Newspaper Man (uncredited)
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Henry Hebert ....Best Man at Wedding (uncredited)
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Edward L. Hemmer ....Bit Part (uncredited)
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Cliff Herd ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
7 u- v1 ?* j: r# O% Q Bryan 'Slim' Hightower ....Fish Driver (uncredited)
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Harlan Hoagland ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
" ]- G1 d$ K( E4 m t/ t: k: s2 ~ John Huettner ....Man at Xanadu Great Hall (uncredited)
7 k* J. }. q. ~; y. p Mitchell Ingraham ....Politician (uncredited)
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Jack Itay ....Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
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Jack Jahries ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
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Walter James ....Ward Heeler (uncredited)
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George W. Jimenez ....Waiter at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
, C* }7 \$ [1 Q3 n0 x" I6 G Clayton Jones ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
7 _" ^% {) p% E/ }2 K! p Edna Mae Jones ....Dancer (uncredited)
- y: c9 y( o8 h3 {- _( W Harry Jones ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
4 l9 N6 c1 j" _! ~- p Alexander Julian ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Bill Kane ....Man on Hospital Roof (uncredited)
, `$ x. y! z3 `" K Arthur Kay ....Orchestra Leader (uncredited)
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Ivy Keene ....Driver of Car / Woman in Loggia Scene (uncredited)
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E. Kerry ....Person in Front of 'Chronicle' Building (uncredited)
; Y/ \6 T0 j7 w+ ] B2 r3 z! c Milton Kibbee ....Reporter at Wedding (uncredited)
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Laura Knight ....Dancer (uncredited)
[$ z8 _. U& s" u+ q( g) h 艾伦·拉德 Alan Ladd ....Reporter Smoking Pipe at End (uncredited)
5 b; K8 q. C/ E. b Mike Lally ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
- x7 H8 B% N0 r2 J* c6 Q/ ]$ \7 e Carmen Laroux ....Maid in Corridor in Xanadu (uncredited)
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Perc Launders ....Man in Projection Room (uncredited)
7 h( m5 |& z$ m; k4 ]0 ?6 }( {( x- j Walter Lawrence ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Bob Lawson ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
1 K5 r2 C* b: U Bert LeBaron ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
5 A# U, s. U8 n+ l. P$ f; O David Ledner ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
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Adam Linke ....Druggist (uncredited)
7 g1 c5 |# j, ?9 F4 t J.D. Lockhart ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
7 S. H6 X# `3 Q! u' n Mary Lorraine ....Dancer (uncredited)
# e7 y) N9 |% f: C( z" E Ellen Lowe ....Miss Townsend (uncredited)
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Ludwig Lowry ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Buck Mack ....Reporter at Boat Deck (uncredited)
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James T. Mack ....Prompter (uncredited)
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Evelyn Mackert ....Woman at Boat Dock (uncredited)
3 V% e1 W. n4 \& P) t* ?' G Teddy Mangean ....Man on Roof (uncredited)
+ g( ?! c ~6 u* [ 赫尔曼·J·曼凯维奇 Herman J. Mankiewicz ....Newspaperman (uncredited)
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Jack Manolas ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
3 b& Z/ L- G( G* v E Joe Manz ....Jennings (uncredited)
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Loretta Marsh ....Dancer (uncredited)
( i3 t3 g4 G, z: i6 K Mickey Martin ....Newsboy (uncredited)
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Clyde McAtee ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Major McBride ....Shadowgraph Man (uncredited)
* m4 x% b7 ]: R' [ Frank McClure ....Minor Role (uncredited)
8 | a# S0 H. G* h$ g0 { Lee McCluskey ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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John McCormack ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
0 u% @* B9 E8 }! `, L. g Charles Meakin ....Civic Leader (uncredited)
4 p+ t6 {3 F1 Q Hercules Mendez ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Jim Merritt ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Buddy Messinger ....Man at Boat Dock (uncredited)
% z- i" Y' J3 Y/ X4 v E.G. Miller ....Neville Chamberlain / Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Irving Mitchell ....Dr. Corey (uncredited)
& e/ Y7 b6 A/ {1 J3 c' N Bert Moorhouse ....Man at Xanadu Great Hall (uncredited)
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Philip Morris ....Politician (uncredited)
6 Q1 v3 g' t( z Jack Morton ....Butler (uncredited)
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Louis Natheaux ....Reporter (uncredited)
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Frances E. Neal ....Ethel (uncredited)
( _& K: u/ V# q; s1 U Lillian Nicholson ....Woman at Opera (uncredited)
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Leda Nicova ....Dancer (uncredited)
% W+ {- [( |) N1 R( ] George Noisom ....Copy Boy (uncredited)
5 q8 z+ f8 G4 a3 m% e9 Y: n Joseph North ....Male Secretary (uncredited)
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John Northpole ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Field Norton ....Opera Spectator (uncredited)
' L( O3 T" Y- V5 i9 G6 W- H1 p William H. O'Brien ....Male Secretary (uncredited)
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阿瑟·奥康纳 Arthur O'Connell ....Reporter (uncredited)
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Frank O'Connor ....Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
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Paddy O'Flynn ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Lillian O'Malley ....Person in Front of 'Chronicle' Building (uncredited)
. N/ p! t- n6 ~9 U9 R: Y" O Edward Peil Jr. ....Civic Leader (uncredited)
# m/ k% G) q2 Z& Y$ L& G7 v Gerald Pierce ....Copy Boy Delivering Message in Chicago Hotel Room (uncredited)
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Thomas Pogue ....Man (uncredited)
1 w& S' z+ P% y: x Russ Powell ....Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
+ F6 I0 |$ Z E/ g5 D) J1 I6 p3 N J.R. Ralston ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Terrance Ray ....Man at Boat Dock / Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
3 F$ b* i- T9 g; \ Jack Raymond ....Stagehand (uncredited)
/ W6 z; H& h& D3 z1 }; L% Y William Reed ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Guy Repp ....Reporter (uncredited)
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Jolane Reynolds ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Sam Rice ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
* p4 g# G# j. N Verne Richards ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
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Suzanne Ridgeway ....Dancer (uncredited)
& w2 C9 H) I8 \2 G3 O( h7 e Cyril Ring ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Myrtle Rishell ....Big Governess (uncredited)
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Jack Robbins ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
8 B+ B. p* e3 O1 } Don Roberts ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
; x+ i9 d" ~- y George Rogers ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
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Victor Romito ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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本尼·鲁宾 Benny Rubin ....Smather (uncredited)
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Shimen Ruskin ....Hireling (uncredited)
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Edward Ryan ....Man in Inquirer City Room (uncredited)
9 a) q: s u6 C8 T Jack Ryan ....Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
5 c# I& x5 r+ I; J/ o Robert Samven ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
' Z* O* y9 k6 F' N Walter Sande ....Reporter at Xanadu (uncredited)
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Jack Santoro ....Man at Xanadu Great Hall (uncredited)
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Francis Sayles ....Politician (uncredited)
2 R. E G6 H$ X Dick Scott ....Opera Spectator (uncredited)
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Ruth Seeley ....Dancer (uncredited)
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George Sherwood ....Hireling (uncredited)
8 F- k0 s( K+ k Brent Shugar ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Bruce Sidney ....Newsman (uncredited)
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Guy Smith ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Roy Smith ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Vince Speaker ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
3 X6 e, W' O: O8 e( e( u/ i+ C George Sperry ....City Room Employee (uncredited)
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Sam Steele ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
3 `. _! I; Q" x( t7 _ C Ralph Stein ....Hireling, Chicago Inquirer (uncredited)
3 |3 `! r4 w( j8 L Bert Stevens ....Man at Madison Square Garden (uncredited)
( ]; Q$ H4 ?( W: g; y! U Landers Stevens ....Senate Investigator (uncredited)
8 E4 o m9 [1 ~( Y" ^8 o) e8 _ Dimas Sutteno ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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Jack Taylor ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
+ S1 U0 i" f, N9 k Norman Taylor ....Man in Senate Investigating Committee (uncredited)
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Bob Terry ....Extra in Newsreel (uncredited)
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Karl Thomas ....Jetsam (uncredited)
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Robert B. Tobin ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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格雷格·托兰德 Gregg Toland ....Interviewer in 1935 Newsreel (uncredited)
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Kathryn Trosper ....Reporter at Xanadu (uncredited)
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Fred Trowbridge ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Glen Turnbull ....Flotsam (uncredited)
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Gohr Van Vleck ....Stagehand (uncredited)
3 _; N7 |2 X) D$ q Harry J. Vejar ....Portuguese Laborer (uncredited)
" D# p' q; P2 ?, l7 | Tim Wallace ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
+ j$ f. Z; u1 R Ken Weaver ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
- s, l+ T" V4 n7 Q! q6 N2 `# q _ Charles West ....Stage Manager (uncredited)
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Larry Wheat ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
V) {$ @' K; z" s Patrick Whitney ....Reporter (uncredited)
+ @* f6 ^0 n. v! n ^, p Jan Wiley ....Reporter at Xanadu (uncredited)
! q8 e/ q8 L0 K0 I Bill Wilkens ....Man on Roof (uncredited)
% { f) J/ X6 e5 u5 E! _8 r; e Larry Williams ....Man Singing at Inquirer Party (uncredited)
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Tudor Williams ....Chorus Master (uncredited)
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Richard Wilson ....Reporter (uncredited)
) G) L; j* v9 R5 k" [9 h9 j1 R( v Vivian Wilson ....Dancer (uncredited)
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Roland Winters ....Newspaperman at Trenton Town Hall (uncredited)
0 l# @- F6 v" s( T" D+ ` Vera Winters ....Woman in Projection Room (uncredited)
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Arthur Yeoman ....Speaker (uncredited)
, Y7 Y$ s% R1 j' F! u Louis Young ....Newsreel Extra (uncredited)
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$ L/ @8 z$ r& c5 g% t N% \0 j% i【文件格式】X264 + DTS
$ P, {5 D' x( l- y! i! k) ]8 K【文件大小】7.9 GB
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【视频尺寸】1488 x 1080
$ T7 F! S9 }8 R* t+ @. n【影片长度】119 Mins
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【对白语言】英语
$ }7 _2 ]# {; U! J! H【字幕语言】英文/法文/西班牙文/葡萄牙文/捷克文/波兰文/匈牙利文/罗马尼亚文/希腊文
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【内容简介】
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黎明时分,犹如帝宫般威严的桑那都庄园的剪影,屹立在佛罗里达州海滨一座山顶上。
( ?( i6 ?; J5 ^5 i5 C 摄影机的镜头缓缓推近庄园的大铁门,铁门顶端镶嵌着硕大的字母“K”。镜头空过铁门推近宫堡式的建筑,又越过窗户,逼近卧榻上的一垂危的白发老人。只见他嘴唇翕动,喃喃地吐出“玫瑰花蕾”几个字;他手上握着一个水晶球镇纸,球心带有雪花纷扬中的农舍景物— —蓦地,手松了,水晶球滚落于地,砰然碎裂。
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被人称作“美国忽必烈”的报业巨子查尔斯·福斯特·凯恩,在76岁时孤寂地死去。
K7 ^& O# s& y2 ^9 V8 \4 ` 一部新闻纪录片画面,展示了凯恩传奇的生平,一帧黑框的凯恩的照片,占满整个银幕。各种报纸头版通栏报导了这位权势人物的死讯。解说词称:“凯恩的帝国在其昌盛时期,曾经控制着37家报纸,13家杂志和一个无线电广播网。它是帝国中的帝国。”新闻镜状追溯了凯恩发迹致富的缘起,其后创办《问事报》,涉足政界,成为风云人物。他曾两度结婚两度离婚,一次是与总统的侄女爱米丽成婚,青云直上;一次是与“女歌星”苏珊成婚,轰动一时。恰恰是他与苏珊桃色丑闻被揭露,导致他在竞选州长的政治生涯中一败涂地,从此一蹶不振。在经济大萧条之后,“凯恩帝国”迅速走向衰落。到晚年,凯恩在桑那都庄园,深居简出,孑然一身,直到病逝。
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一家杂志的主笔若斯东,对这部仓促剪辑、止于皮相的新闻片并不满意,便委托青年记者汤姆逊对凯恩生平作深入调查,并要他卉清凯恩临终遗言“玫瑰花蕾”的真实含义,以揭示这个“美国忽必烈”作为人的真实形象。
6 @+ P- M8 [: ~3 A: R 汤姆逊访问的第一个对象,是凯恩的第二任妻子人珊,她现在是亚特兰大城一家低级酒吧的歌女,年近50仍浓妆艳抹,但断然拒绝接受采访,一声“滚出去”的逐客令,或许正隐藏着这位当年红伶的人生痛楚。
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在费城的赛切尔纪念图书馆,汤姆逊获准进入档案室,查阅了已故银行家赛切尔未经披露的回忆录手搞。1870年大雪纷飞的冬天,小凯恩的母亲经营着一座家庭式膳宿公寓,早几年有个房客拖欠房租,便用一张废矿井的产权契约作抵押,不料这个废矿井后来被确认竟是富矿,凯恩一家顿时发迹。当凯恩母亲将他连同财产托付给赛切尔,要送他去大都市受教育。小凯恩对于要他成人后做什么“美国最阔的人”毫不理解,不肯离开妈妈和这个乡野小镇,就用雪橇猛撞赛切尔。但他最终还是被带走了,雪地上留下那副孩子玩耍的雪橇。凯恩成年获得财产权后,便自作主张买下第一家报社,出版《问事报》。他公然与赛切尔作对,兴之所至时还大谈维护社会正义,假惺惺地要保护穷人不受大公司剥削(他拥有这家公司的巨额股标)。赛切尔手稿上写着这样的结语:凯恩只不过是一个走运的流氓,被惯坏了的、没有责任感的无耻之徒。
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在纽约《问事报》的摩天大楼里,汤姆逊会见了当年同凯恩合作办报的总经理伯恩斯坦。这位老人回忆起1890年凯恩第一天接管报社的情景,凯恩年轻气盛,不可一世。他主张制造轰动新闻而不问事实真相确否,以此与《纪实报》争夺读者。但凯恩在向公众发表的“原则宣言”里则义正辞严写道:“我要向本市居民提供一份日报,它要忠实地报导新闻……不允许有任何特殊的利益来干预这些新闻的真实性。”凯恩信奉实用主义,革故鼎新,从办报而投身政治,还把对手《纪实报》的全班人马拉进了自己的报社,甚至制造舆论鼓动美国卷入1897年的美西战争。他还怀着政治野心,实现了与总统侄女爱米丽的婚姻。至于问到“玫瑰花蕾”,作何解释伯恩斯坦则无法破解,只说,那或许是一个他爱过的姑娘,或许是“他失去什么东西”。最后,伯恩斯坦建议汤姆逊去找凯恩的大学好友、后来当上戏剧专栏员的里兰,并说此人对凯恩的私生活占有一手材料。
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在一家医院里,汤姆逊找到了坐在轮椅里的里兰。穷途潦倒的里兰对他说,凯恩是靠权力来生活的,他是个蹩脚的办报人,“他使自己的读者得到消遣,但从来没有跟他们讲过实话”。他与总统侄女爱米丽纯属政治属政治联姻,其破裂是必然的;后来,他与歌女苏珊邂逅,一见钟情,干出“金屋藏娇”的风流韵事。当凯恩投身政治、况选州长之际,其政敌盖蒂斯便以“凯恩在爱巢中和‘歌女’双双被捉”的丑闻将他击败。凯恩为苏珊修建了歌剧院,但天分有限的苏珊首场演出便告失败。里兰撰文如实批评,说苏珊不过是“一位漂亮的,然而是力不从心的票友”。这篇批评文章,里因酒未能卒篇,由凯恩代笔完成。文章见报,里兰旋即被凯恩解雇,他们的友谊也就破裂了,凯恩在政治与爱情两方面均遭挫折,自此,便隐居于桑那都如帝宫的庄园。
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$ Z/ i: x* E5 L8 L% r一句话评论* |0 P; o9 ^! ?. o" P% q, s9 n/ }
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" u: l. |9 f, a, F7 A8 }奥逊·威尔斯和他的处女作《公民凯恩》是现代电影的奠基石。 ——法国著名电影理论家 安德列·巴赞
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m' U/ {, r$ N p# r《公民凯恩》不仅是部伟大的电影,它是有声电影出现初期的集大成者——犹如《一个国家的诞生》是默片时代的颠峰,《2001》漫游太空》建立了一种指向未来的叙述——这些高峰屹立于其他所有的影片之上。 ——芝加哥太阳时报
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好莱坞的财政家们(或许还包括世界各地的电影观众)在接受纯粹的诗、传说、寓言和神话时,在这里我指的是电影《公民凯恩》时,或许他们会颇感困难。 ——法国著名导演 弗朗索瓦·特吕弗
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% c' U! i Q$ k# f8 S7 \关于电影 5 \7 c- _! o8 x8 e3 k# v
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' G: N6 M4 ^9 i 拍摄于1941年的《公民凯恩》是美国电影史上的一部重要实验影片,被誉为"现代电影的纪念碑",在几乎所有的电影排行榜上都是风光无限,被视做"电影史上十大影片"当之无愧的冠军和头号经典。这部纯粹的"电影的诗"处在战前电影伟大传统的结束和四五十年代电影的开端之间,是一部对生活高度凝炼、对人性和社会的深刻理解以及对心理世界的理性体验的影片,掘弃了当时通行的电影美学原则(构思新颖的仰角镜头和简约而富于表现力的纵深镜头, 独特而又自然流畅的场面调度和移动拍摄, 以及音响、对白、用光的革新运用和独具匠心的配乐),改变了好莱坞过去传统的影片拍摄模式,其中某些方面更被后人模仿到泛滥,在艺术上所表现出的力量、勇敢、粗犷、冲击、娱乐性及个人体验均达到了那一时代的巅峰。
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《公民凯恩》是奥逊·威尔斯以纽约报业大亨威廉·朗道尔夫·赫斯特(1863-1951)为原型,加上自己童年时寄居他人时的经历及感受塑造出了查尔斯·福斯特·凯恩的形象。该电影剧本的合作编剧赫尔曼·曼凯维支本人就认识赫斯特,并且是其情妇、电影明星玛利昂·戴维斯的朋友。影片是保密拍摄的,但由于赫斯特认为这部影片是影射攻击自己,因此提出抗议,并企图以80万美元买下影片禁止其上映。威尔斯听到此消息大为震惊,他只有一个挽救方法,就是拼命在小范围里放映影片,把口碑传出去。果然,部分同行的高度评价使得雷电华顶住了压力,否则这部作品将永远保存在少数人的记忆里。此片一直到二次世界大战才后重新发行,先从欧洲受到重视,转而在美国本土的电视上放映。
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实际上该片讲述故事的方式远比其所讲的故事有价值。影片由六段有着内在逻辑的闪回组成,这几段倒叙并非一块拼图的组成部分,而是由外向内层层剥开的洋葱。影片将镜头首次切入到人性的层面,对人性进行了深入的探讨。此片完全可以被看做是美国个人奋斗理念的寓言故事。
* p- a0 J/ F$ U' W- v7 V8 I9 g* H 该片共获得包括最佳影片、导演、主演、摄影、录音及音乐等九项提名奥斯卡提名,但由于当时的历史背景与影片涉及的现实人物,最终只获得最佳原创剧本一项金像奖。
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演员
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9 g- S' v# h7 [; g3 u1 x* V% t: Z' ~* |《公民凯恩》中的每一个角色似乎都是为演员度身定做的--不仅主角,就连管家雷蒙、政客盖蒂、童年凯恩等都有着鲜明的特色。此片的演员多数来自威尔斯的以广播剧和舞台剧见长的水晶剧团,几乎没有电影表演的经验,但除了极少数的特写镜头,所有演员的表演都非常自然,奥逊o威尔斯本人扮演的凯恩一角迄今仍是电影表演的范例。但演员出神入化的表演却无法引起普通观众的一片叫好声,原因是片中没有可让演员"炫耀"演技的场面,但如果观众将剧本和电影进行对比时就会发现演员实在功不可没。
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( ? i9 K. q S! w- b# X! }这部划时代影片取得的成就还表现在电影的拍摄技术上,该片首次采用了大景深镜头(即深焦距镜头),大量低角度的仰拍镜头及强度对比的黑白光影运用等。《公民凯恩》的构图基本是古典的三角形,但常在镜头的变化和停留中有一种近乎天然的张弛节奏。此外,还运用了堪称完美的蒙太奇镜头压缩时间,扩大影片容量,使其简洁地反映主人公一生的重大事件。如表现凯恩与第一个妻子离异的过程,从结婚到离婚共八年时间,影片却只用了六个镜头就表现出来了。
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为影片担当摄影的是格莱格o托兰德。托兰德加入剧组时已是好莱坞卓有成就的摄影师,但拍摄的难度还是超出了他的预料。我们现在都知道,那些超低角度的镜头都是威尔斯的主意。当摄影师表示机器已经摆到地面上、不可能再低时,威尔斯便将地板砍了,把摄影机"埋"入地下。
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音响蒙太奇# K6 k; d4 y8 V4 d9 p0 r
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《公民凯恩》的曲作者伯纳德o赫尔曼(1911-1975)也是水晶剧团的成员。这位具传奇色彩的作曲家一生配乐54部, 在其搭档奥森o威尔斯极富个人特色的作品《公民凯恩》中,赫尔曼显示出对于复杂音响和音乐的处理能力,谱写了和镜头相得益彰的蒙太奇音乐,通过音响来转换场景。他的配乐犹如剧情的忠实仆人,并在其中一些段落显示出卓越才华:他为苏珊登台写了一段酷似马斯奈歌剧的法国咏叹调,为报社庆典写了一段地道的百老汇曲子,并获得奥斯卡最佳原作音乐的提名。这位电影配乐大师后来在希区柯克那里大放异彩,其中包括1960年的经典片《精神病患者》。
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在电影的叙事手法上,《公民凯恩》打破了以往电影顺序的线性叙事的手法,采用了非线性的多元叙事结构,运用倒叙和插叙的叙事技巧,多角度、多单元地去表现人物,使人物更为立体鲜活。这种全新的叙事手法虽在今天已司空见惯,但在当时却是史无前例的,从而成为现代电影和传统电影的分界线。
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& x8 k2 s. Y. c8 ?$ E非线性叙事技巧并非威尔斯首创,之前有几部好莱坞电影已尝试过,但威尔斯将这种"叠床架屋"的形式发挥到极致,每一段的时间跳跃和重叠都很大,很多视觉、对白及主题在不同段落中遥相呼应。威尔斯更将玫瑰花蕾叫做"骗人的玩意儿",玫瑰花蕾的动机只不过是一个情节的嚎头,而通过对这一噱头的探索使叙事成型,将整个故事的蔓生枝节紧密地联系在一起,同时提供了一个戏剧性的问题抓住观众,这也就使得该片带有侦探类型片的模式。
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